![]() The beautiful brass bell was a leftover stock item from Clarks’ coppersmith and brass foundry days. The solution was the very new technology of reverse osmosis in which Calder played a very significant role by supplying the heart of the system – the high pressure pump. During the preparation for the retaking of the Falkland Islands, George Clark & Son was asked by the Ministry of Defence to come up with a very fast solution to produce potable water from sea water. They went on to build heat evaporation systems for ships, doing a lot of their work for the Royal Navy. Prior to the Falklands crisis, George Clark & Son was a very old, established firm of coppersmiths and brassfounders. Mr Kalliampur, known to all as Kal, was the technical director of George Clarke & Son in Hull. It was presented to our founder, Ian Calder-Potts, by Mr B Kalliampur in 1982. This brass bell hanging proudly in our reception area has a history. Today, Jock rings the bell yet again to signal the receipt of a large order that the Calder team has been working on for some time. Since no experimental data are available in the study, this paper only forms a baseline for future studies but still proves and describes the possibilities of the approach and codes.To qualify to ring the Calder bell, our 40-year tradition states the order must be significant (due to inflation this now means a single order of > £1M) OrcaFlex and OpenFAST generally agree, but there are some differences in results due to different modeling approaches. As can be expected, comparing the flexible model to a rigid-body model proves how motion and loads are affected by the flexibility of the structure. The study proves the possibility of applying the approach and the extraction of internal loads, while also presenting an initial code-to-code verification between OrcaFlex and OpenFAST. This paper uses the TetraSpar floating offshore wind turbine design as a case study to examine new modeling approaches in OrcaFlex and OpenFAST that provide this information. However, for final structural design, it is necessary to have information on the distribution of loads over the entire body and to know local internal loads in each component. Commercial software packages such as OrcaFlex, or open-source software such as OpenFAST, are often used where the floater is modeled as a rigid six degree-of-freedom body with loads applied at the center of gravity. When designing the floating platforms, both experimental and numerical tools are applied, with the latter often using time-domain solvers based on hydro-load estimation from a Morison approach or a boundary element method. Floating offshore wind turbine technology has seen an increasing and continuous development in recent years. ![]()
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